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Cases of cloud-to-ground lightning are clas- sified according to loss of life, and property damage. Casualties caused by cloud-to-ground
lightning can be subdivided into deaths and in- juries. Direct, primary damages from lightning include house and forest res, and facility/build-
ing collapses, along with loss of lives. Secondary damages include blackouts, disconnections, traf c accidents, and cessation of operations caused by
lightning that strikes plants, communication fa- cilities, traf c facilities, and factories. Cloud-to- ground lightning normally occurs in summer.
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